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little ringed plover

Charadrius dubius

Last update: 21 Mar 2026

Little Ringed Plover 的基本信息

Scientific NameCharadrius dubius
Status LC 无危
Size14-17 cm (6-7 inch)
Colors
Brown
White
Type
Waders
type
FamilyPlovers

Little Ringed Plover 在其他语言中的名称

bengaliছোট নথজিরিয়া
frenchPluvier petit-gravelot
gujaratiવિલાયતી ઝીણી ટીટોડી
hindiझिरिआ, मर्वा
marathiकंठेरी चिखल्या
nepaliलघु राजपुत्रिका
sanskritकृकषा
tamilசிறு ஆள்காட்டி குருவி

简介

金眶鸻 (Charadrius dubius) 是一种小型、充满活力的涉禽,以其醒目的面部斑纹和对淡水环境的偏好而闻名。与许多沿海亲属不同,这种鸻是河岸和砂砾坑的专家,其沙色的羽毛在砾石地带提供了完美的伪装。

外貌特征

这种鸟体长约 14-17 厘米,特征为棕灰色上体和白色下体。其最显著的特征是明显的黄色眼圈以及黑白相间的头部斑纹。与环颈鸻不同,它在飞行时没有白色翼带,且腿部呈粉红色或浅肉色。

栖息地

该物种主要分布在低地地区(800米以下)。其偏好的栖息地包括:

  • 淡水附近的裸露沙地、砾石地或淤泥地。
  • 河流沙洲、淡水湖泊和溪流。
  • 人工场所,如砂砾坑、采石场和工业荒地。
  • 偶尔出现在咸水泻湖或热带红树林中。

饮食习性

金眶鸻是一种食虫鸟类,捕食精准。其饮食包括:

  • 主要猎物: 甲虫、苍蝇、蚂蚁、蜻蜓及其幼虫。
  • 其他无脊椎动物: 蜘蛛、蠕虫、蜗牛和小甲壳动物。
  • 捕食技巧: 它使用“足颤”法搅动浅水或泥浆中的猎物,然后疾跑捕捉。

繁殖与筑巢

繁殖始于壮观的“蝴蝶式”展示飞行。雄鸟以缓慢的振翅和有节奏的鸣叫盘旋。它们在裸露地面、砾石或沙地上的简单凹坑中筑巢。蛋具有极佳的伪装色,使捕食者和路人几乎无法察觉。

行为习性

金眶鸻领地意识极强,会通过张开尾羽和低头展示面部斑纹的攻击性姿态来保卫觅食地。虽然它们通常单独或成对出现,但在非繁殖季节可能会形成 10-12 只的小群体。

保护现状 - LC 无危

金眶鸻被世界自然保护联盟 (IUCN) 列为无危物种。虽然其天然的河流栖息地常受到人类开发的威胁,但它在砂砾坑等人造场所生存的能力有助于维持种群稳定。

趣闻轶事

  1. 金眶鸻的求偶飞行因其缓慢、有节奏的振翅而被描述为“蝴蝶式”。
  2. 它们可以通过明亮的黄色眼圈与相似的鸻类区分开来。
  3. 已知它们在极少数情况下会捕食鱼类和蜥蜴等小型脊椎动物。
  4. 它们利用双脚震动地面,诱使昆虫移动以便被发现。

观鸟者提示

要观察这种鸟,请前往内陆砂砾坑或泥泞的河岸。由于它们的伪装色,通常更容易通过叫声——一种尖锐、高音的“piu”声——来寻找它们。在春季的沙地上行走时请小心,因为它们的巢穴极难被发现,很容易被踩到。

结论

金眶鸻是一种坚韧而迷人的物种,已非常出色地适应了不断变化的景观。无论是在表演空中之舞,还是在河岸上疾行,对于任何观察者来说,它都是鸟类世界中迷人的一道风景。

Little Ringed Plover 分布图与范围

Official Distribution Data provided by
BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World (2025)

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