Duck-like Birds
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Photo by mayur mulubhai ahir
Rajkot, Gujarat, India
ruddy shelduck

ruddy shelduck

Tadorna ferruginea

Last update: 21 Mar 2026

Ruddy Shelduck 的基本信息

Scientific NameTadorna ferruginea
Status LC 无危
Size61-67 cm (24-26 inch)
Colors
Orange
Black
Type
Duck-like Birds
type
FamilyDucks, Geese, Swans

Ruddy Shelduck 在其他语言中的名称

assameseচাকৈ-চকোৱা
bengaliচখাচখি
gujaratiબ્રાહ્મણી બતક, સુરખાબ, ભગવી સુરખાબ
hindiलाल सुरखाब, चकवा (नर), चकवी (मादा)
kannadaಚಕ್ರವಾಕ
malayalamചക്രവാകം
marathiचक्रवाक, सर्जा, ब्राह्मणी बदक
nepaliचखेवा
oriyaପଣ୍ଡା ହଂସ
punjabiਸੁਰਖ਼ਾਬ
tamilசிவப்புத்தாரா
teluguచక్రవాకము

简介

赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea),在印度被称为婆罗门鸭,是鸭科中引人注目的一员。这种独特的水禽以其独特的羽色和响亮、洪亮的鸣叫声而闻名。作为一种候鸟,它在印度次大陆、东南欧和中亚的生态系统中发挥着重要作用。

外貌特征

赤麻鸭是一种中大型鸟类,体长58至70厘米,翼展110至135厘米。它以其鲜艳的橙褐色体羽和略浅的头部而易于辨认。飞行时,其黑色的尾部和飞羽与白色的覆羽形成鲜明对比。雄鸟在繁殖季节通常颈部有一圈狭窄的黑色领环,而雌鸟则没有。两性都有黑色的喙和深灰色的腿。

栖息地

该物种偏好开阔地带,常出现在各种水体附近,包括咸淡水、咸水或淡水湖泊和河流。虽然它可以在海拔高达900米的山区溪流中被发现,但通常会避开茂密的森林或植被茂密的区域。在冬季,这些鸟类通常会迁徙到较低海拔的地区和内陆水库。

饮食习性

赤麻鸭是杂食性动物,饮食主要由植物性物质组成。这包括:

  • 草、叶子和种子
  • 水生植物的茎
  • 谷物和蔬菜嫩芽
  • 无脊椎动物,如蠕虫、昆虫和软体动物
  • 小鱼和两栖动物

有趣的是,它们有时也会因觅食而频繁光顾垃圾场。

繁殖与筑巢

这些鸟类会形成持久的配偶关系。与许多鸭子不同,它们的巢穴通常远离水源,隐藏在裂缝、崖洞或空心树中。典型的窝卵数约为八枚蛋,由雌鸟孵化约四周。一旦孵化,父母双方共同承担照顾幼鸟的责任,直到它们在八周左右大时学会飞行。

行为习性

赤麻鸭以其响亮的鼻音鸣叫声而闻名,无论是在地面上还是飞行中都能听到。它们是高度迁徙的鸟类,在中亚和欧洲的高海拔地区繁殖,然后迁徙到印度次大陆等较温暖的气候区过冬。它们通常比较警惕,但在某些保护区内可以适应人类的存在。

保护现状 - LC 无危

世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)已将赤麻鸭评估为无危物种。尽管欧洲的种群数量正在下降,但中亚和东亚的数量保持稳定甚至在增长。其广泛的分布范围和庞大的总数有助于维持其稳定的地位。

趣闻轶事

  1. 在印度,这种鸟充满了民间传说,被称为婆罗门鸭
  2. 当鸟儿休息时,白色的翼覆羽几乎被隐藏起来,但在飞行时会成为一个引人注目的特征。
  3. 雄鸟的黑色颈环在繁殖后换羽期间消失,并在12月至4月之间重新出现。
  4. 它们以鸣声响亮著称,雄性和雌性的鸣叫声有明显的差异。

观鸟者提示

  • 在冬季,请在开阔的湿地和水库中寻找它们。
  • 聆听它们独特的鸣叫声,这通常在看到它们之前就预示着它们的到来。
  • 当它们起飞时,使用双筒望远镜观察白色的翅膀斑块,这是关键的识别特征。
  • 如果在夏季繁殖季节在中亚观鸟,请检查高海拔湖泊。

结论

赤麻鸭是鸟类美丽和韧性的杰出代表。从其醒目的橙色羽毛到其令人印象深刻的迁徙之旅,它仍然是观鸟者和自然爱好者们的最爱。了解其栖息地和饮食需求对于保护这种标志性水禽至关重要。

Ruddy Shelduck 分布图与范围

Official Distribution Data provided by
BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World (2025)

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