Long-tailed Duck

Clangula hyemalis

Last update: 04 Mar 2026

Read in: English Español Português हिन्दी বাংলা தமிழ் മലയാളം मराठी ગુજરાતી తెలుగు French Deutsch Русский 日本語简体中文 Italiano Tiếng Việt العربية ಕನ್ನಡ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ

Long-tailed Duck Basic Information

Scientific Name	Clangula hyemalis
Status	VU Vulnerable
Size	44-60 cm (17-24 inch)
Colors	White Black
Type	Duck-like Birds
Family	Ducks, Geese, Swans

Introduction

The Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) is a fascinating and highly specialized sea duck known for its striking plumage and complex vocalizations. Often found in harsh, northern environments, this species is a master of the cold, displaying remarkable adaptations that allow it to thrive in arctic and subarctic regions.

Physical Appearance

The Long-tailed Duck is a medium-sized waterfowl, measuring approximately 44-60 cm in length. Their appearance is distinct, characterized by a dramatic seasonal molt. During the winter, males are primarily white with prominent black patches on their cheeks and wings, complemented by their signature elongated, pointed tail feathers. Females and non-breeding males exhibit more subdued brown and white patterns, providing camouflage in their icy surroundings.

Habitat

These ducks are primarily found in high-latitude environments. During the breeding season, they inhabit freshwater ponds, pools, and tundra lakes in the Arctic. In the winter, they migrate to coastal marine environments, often staying in open water far from the shoreline, where they can dive for food in deep ocean waters.

Diet

The Long-tailed Duck is a proficient diver, capable of descending to significant depths to find food. Their diet consists primarily of:

Small fish
Crustaceans
Mollusks
Aquatic insects and larvae

Breeding and Nesting

Breeding occurs on the arctic tundra. The nest is typically a shallow depression on the ground, lined with vegetation and down, usually situated near water. The female is responsible for incubation, while the male typically leaves the nesting area once egg-laying is complete.

Behavior

Known for being highly vocal, the Long-tailed Duck produces a yodeling call that carries across the water. They are excellent swimmers and divers, using their wings to 'fly' underwater. They are also known to be quite social, often gathering in large, noisy rafts during the winter months.

Conservation Status - VU Vulnerable

According to the IUCN Red List, the Long-tailed Duck is currently classified as Vulnerable. Their populations face threats from habitat loss, climate change affecting arctic breeding grounds, and sensitivity to oil pollution in their wintering marine habitats.

Interesting Facts

They are among the deepest-diving ducks, capable of reaching depths of up to 60 meters.
They have a unique three-stage molt cycle, meaning they change their plumage more frequently than most other duck species.
The Long-tailed Duck is the only member of its genus, Clangula.
Males are famous for their musical, yodeling calls that are often heard during courtship displays.

Tips for Birdwatchers

To spot a Long-tailed Duck, look for them during the winter months along rocky coastlines or in large, open bays. Because they are deep divers, they may disappear for long periods; patience is key. Using a high-quality spotting scope is highly recommended, as they often remain well away from the shore.

Pro-Tip: To spot this bird in dense forest canopy, a 8x42 binoculars or telescope is highly recommended.

- [Check out our top recommended gear here]

Conclusion

The Long-tailed Duck is a true icon of the north. With its unique appearance and remarkable diving abilities, it remains a favorite among dedicated birdwatchers. Protecting their arctic and marine habitats is essential to ensuring that this resilient species continues to thrive in the wild.