caspian gull

Larus cachinnans

Last update: 16 Feb 2026

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Caspian Gull Basic Information

Scientific Name	Larus cachinnans
Status	LC Least Concern
Size	55-67 cm (22-26 inch)
Colors	Grey White
Type	Seabirds
Family	Gulls, Terns, Skimmers

Introduction

The Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans) is a large, elegant member of the gull family. Once considered a subspecies of the Herring Gull, it is now recognized as a distinct species known for its slender profile and impressive migratory range across Eurasia.

Physical Appearance

Measuring approximately 55-60 cm in length, the Caspian Gull is characterized by its long, slender bill and a distinctive pear-shaped head. Adults have a pale gray mantle, long wings with small white mirrors at the tips, and relatively long, pale legs that give them a tall, "four-legged" appearance when standing.

Habitat

This species primarily inhabits steppe lakes, salt marshes, and coastal lagoons. While they breed extensively around the Black and Caspian Seas, they are highly adaptable and can be found in inland reservoirs, rivers, and coastal harbors during the winter migration period.

Diet

The Caspian Gull is an opportunistic omnivore with a varied diet that includes:

Freshwater and marine fish
Insects and small mammals
Carrion and organic waste from landfills
Eggs and chicks of other waterbirds

Breeding and Nesting

Caspian Gulls typically nest in large colonies on low-lying islands, sand dunes, or within thick reed beds. They build nests using local vegetation and debris. A standard clutch contains 2 to 3 eggs, which are incubated by both parents for nearly a month.

Behavior

These gulls are highly social but can be territorial and aggressive near nesting sites. They are known for a unique "long call" performed with the head thrown back. They are powerful fliers, often traveling long distances between breeding grounds and wintering sites.

Conservation Status - LC Least Concern

The Caspian Gull is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. In recent decades, the species has significantly expanded its breeding range westward into Central and Western Europe, benefiting from human-made habitats.

Interesting Facts

The Caspian Gull was only widely accepted as a full species in the early 2000s.
They have a faster, more elegant flight style compared to the heavier Herring Gull.
Unlike many other large gulls, Caspian Gulls often have a dark iris, giving them a distinctively "beady" look.

Tips for Birdwatchers

To identify a Caspian Gull, look for its long, thin bill and the lack of a strong "brow" ridge. They are most easily observed during the winter months at large reservoirs or coastal ports alongside other large white-headed gulls.

Conclusion

The Caspian Gull is a striking and resilient bird that continues to fascinate ornithologists. Mastering the identification of this species is a rewarding challenge for any serious birdwatcher exploring the wetlands of Eurasia.